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The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) is a network of the world's megacities taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.〔About C40, http://c40.org/about, accessed 2015-08-24〕 C40 harnesses the assets of member cities to address climate risks and impacts locally and globally.〔 C40 is composed of 78 member cities around the world.〔C40 Cities, http://www.c40.org/cities, accessed 2015-08-24〕 On November 26, the former C40 Chair, the 108th Mayor of New York City, Michael R. Bloomberg, was succeeded by the Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes. Mayor Bloomberg served as the elected leader of the organization from 2010 – 2013, he will stay on as the President of the C40 Board of Directors.〔Rio Mayor Paes to succeed Mayor Bloomberg as C40 Chair, http://c40.org/blog_posts/rio-mayor-paes-to-succeed-mayor-bloomberg-as-c40-chair, accessed 2015-08-24〕 Along with the Chair, a rotating steering committee of C40 mayors provides strategic direction and governance.〔 Current steering committee members include: Tokyo, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Buenos Aires, Houston, Jakarta, London, Berlin, Seoul, Los Angeles, Copenhagen and Rio de Janeiro.〔C40 Steering Committee, http://c40.org/steering_committees, accessed 2014-08-24〕 With a focus on collaboration among member cities to excel climate actions,〔 C40 has established sixteen networks across seven initiative areas with a (global staff ) to support collaborative problem solving, promote the exchange of programs and policies developed by cities, and facilitate targeted peer-to-peer dialogue among city staff.〔Mike Marinello, The Guardian, 2013-02-12, Climate change action in megacities – C40 collaboration, http://www.guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/c40-climate-change-cities-collaboration, accessed 2015-08-24〕 Through these efforts, C40 aims to demonstrate that cities are significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and hopes to provide proven models that other cities and national governments can adopt.〔Infographic: C40 Cities Releases Landmark Research Revealing Expansion & Acceleration of Climate Actions in Megacities, http://c40.org/blog_posts/infographic-c40-cities-releases-landmark-research-revealing-expansion-acceleration-of-climate-actions-in-megacities, accessed 2015-08-24〕 In the words of C40 President Michael Bloomberg: "While international negotiations continue to make incremental progress, C40 Cities are forging ahead. Collectively they have taken more than (5,000 ) actions to tackle climate change, and the will to do more is stronger than ever. As innovators and practitioners, our cities are at the forefront of this issue – arguably the greatest challenge of our time."〔C40 Home, http://www.c40.org, accessed 2015-08-24〕 ==History== The organization started in October 2005 when the former mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, convened representatives from 18 megacities to pursue action on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.〔History of the C40, http://c40.org/history, accessed 2015-08-24〕 The meeting resulted in an agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by taking action on a number of points, most notably procurement policies and alliances to accelerate the uptake of climate-friendly technologies.〔 This agreement began what later became known as the C40 Climate Leadership Group. In 2006, Mayor Livingstone and the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI)—led by the efforts of former U.S. President Bill Clinton—(combined to strengthen both organizations ), bringing the number of cities in the network to 40 and helping to deliver world-class projects and project management for participating cities to further enhance emissions reductions efforts.〔 Serving as C40’s first Chair, Mayor Livingstone established the C40 Secretariat in London, set up the C40 Steering Committee, and initiated the use of C40 workshops to exchange best practices amongst participating cities.〔 In 2008, former Mayor of Toronto David Miller took over as C40 Chair. Highlights of his tenure included the Copenhagen Climate Summit for Mayors and the C40 Cities Mayors Summit in Seoul, both in 2009, as well as the launch of practical action initiatives for cities, such as the C40-CCI Climate Positive Development Program and the Carbon Finance Capacity Building program.〔 The tenure of current C40 Chair, Rio de Janeiro Mayor Eduardo Paes, began in December 2013, following the 2010-2013 Chairmanship of the Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg.〔 Key milestones in 2011 include the full integration of the CCI Cities Program into the C40, the C40 Cities Mayors Summit in Sao Paulo, the release of two reports developed in collaboration with the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and Arup Group Limited, and the announcement of two new partnerships with the World Bank and Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI).〔 Key milestones in 2012 include the first-ever cataloging of mayoral/municipal authority over various city assets,〔 the release of a draft edition of the Global Protocol for Community-scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions to harmonize emissions measurement and reporting across cities, strengthening C40’s partnership with the World Bank to better enable cities in developing parts of the world to drive local climate action,〔2012 in Review: Cities Commit to (and are achieving) GHG Reductions, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/2012-in-review-cities-commit-to-and-are-achieving-ghg-reductions, accessed 2015-08-24〕 and C40’s announcement at the global Rio+20 climate summit that C40 Cities’ existing actions will reduce global annual GHG emissions by 248 million tonnes in 2020, with the potential to reduce over 1 billion tonnes by 2030.〔 Under Mayor Bloomberg’s leadership, C40 has grown to include 63 cities. In 2014 C40 Chair, Rio de Janeiro Mayor Eduardo Paes oversaw the addition of seven new member cities, several groundbreaking research reports, successful international events, and thriving global partnerships – all of which are helping cities make real contributions to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks. In February, at the C40 Mayoral Summit membership was expanded to include three new African cities: Cape Town, Dar es Salaam and Nairobi.〔C40 Mayors Summit Gains Momentum: C40 Makes Major Announcements on Expansion, Competition & Engagement, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/c40-mayors-summit-gains-momentum-c40-makes-major-announcements-on-expansion-competition-engagement, accessed 2015-08-24〕 Later in the year, we also welcomed Boston,〔Press Release: C40 Welcomes Boston to its Growing Network of International Cities Committed to Tackling Climate Change, http://www.c40.org/press_releases/c40-welcomes-boston-to-its-growing-network-of-international-cities-committed-to-tackling-climate-change, accessed 2015-08-24〕 Chinese cities Shenzhen〔Shenzhen Joins C40 & Marks 2014 China National Low-Carbon Day, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/shenzhen-joins-c40-marks-2014-china-national-low-carbon-day, accessed 2015-08-24〕 and Wuhan,〔Wuhan Joins C40 – Becomes Fifth Member City from China, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/wuhan-joins-c40-becomes-fifth-member-city-from-china, accessed 2015-08-24〕 and most recently Tshwane〔C40 Welcomes Tshwane as 70th Member City, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/c40-welcomes-tshwane-as-70th-member-city, accessed 2015-08-24〕 in South Africa, bringing their total membership to 70 megacities.〔 To better support and advance C40 Cities goals, three new networks were launched, including (District Energy ),〔C40 Energy Initiative launches two new networks to reduce emissions from buildings, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/c40-energy-initiative-launches-two-new-networks-to-reduce-emissions-from-buildings, accessed 2015-08-24〕 (Municipal Building Efficiency )〔 and (Transit Oriented Development Networks ).〔C40 Teams Up with Ford Foundation on New ‘Compact & Connected’ Cities Network, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/c40-teams-up-with-ford-foundation-on-new-compact-connected-cities-network, accessed 2015-08-24〕 2014 also saw the release of substantial Research publications, including the (Climate Action in Megacities 2.0 Report ), the second installment of C40's seminal research series that catalogues and analyzes climate action in C40 cities;〔 (The Compact of Mayors ) - the largest cooperative effort among cities to accelerate local climate action. New research by the parties to the Compact, in partnership with Arup, showed that 228 cities worldwide already have plans in place to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions;〔Working Together: Global Aggregation of City Climate Commitments, http://issuu.com/c40cities/docs/global_aggregation_glossy_final_3__, accessed 2015-08-24〕 (Additional research from C40 in partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Stockholm Environment Institute ) further showed that cities have a huge potential to contribute to additional reductions beyond what nations have already counted;〔New Research: Cities Have the Potential to Help Close the Emissions Gap, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/new-research-cities-have-the-potential-to-help-close-the-emissions-gap, accessed 2015-08-24〕 Finally in December, C40 and partners formally released the (Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) ), the first global standard for cities to measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions, allowing cities to track their own progress, as well as contribute accurate data to national emissions inventories and goals.〔First Global Standard Launched to Measure City Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Support Compact of Mayors, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/first-global-standard-launched-to-measure-city-greenhouse-gas-emissions-support-compact-of-mayors, accessed 2015-08-24〕 In March 2015 C40 further expanded their membership to 75 megacities, bringing Amman, Jaipur, Durban, Quito and Salvador on board.〔 C40 Membership Grows to 75 Global Cities, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/c40-membership-grows-to-75-global-cities, accessed 2015-08-24〕 In August 205 C40 extended a warm welcome to newest member cities Bengaluru, Dubai, and Quezon City, which together represent more than 22 million urban citizens. 〔 Cities from India, Philippines, and United Arab Emirates Join C40’s Global Network, http://www.c40.org/blog_posts/cities-from-india-philippines-and-united-arab-emirates-join-c40-s-global-network, accessed 2015-08-24〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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